Paper-size and process of making same.



JUDSON A. DE CEW, OI MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA.

PAPER-SIZE AND pnocnss or Maxine saim.

no Drawing.

- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that LJUDSON DE CEW, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and

' resident of the city of Montreal, in the-Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada,

have invented a certain new and useful Improvements in Paper-Size and Processes of Making Same, of which the following is-a full, clear, and ez'zact description;

This invention relates to a paper size andprocess of making same, said product consisting of a resin soap which has been made by saponification with ammonium hydrate 0r carbonate.

The ammonium reslnate Which is the product of this saponification is a distinctly new product differing in character and appearance from the resin soap made by means of sodium carbonate or caustic soda. In producing this product, I proceed preferably as follows a In an 'inclosedvessel in which an agitator is applied, the resin soap is saponified by adding an excess of ammonia above that theoretically required to give saponification. When this resin is stirred in aqueous ammonia, the saponification takes place at a comparatively low temperature, and under these conditions,-a very white resinate is produced, no coloring matter being formed by the chemicalaction of saponification. This saponification can be accelerated by apply ing heat, but in such a condition t e product should be in a closed'tank, which would not permit .the escape of ammonia gas. A gas pressure would thus be maintained in the cooker during saponification. The gas would again condense when the product was allowed to cool.

High pressure may be used in the sapomfying process, but it isfound that when a high temperature is used, a darker soap is" produced. Thus, where it 1s deslrable to have the resin soap of the lightest color lower temperatures should be used in saponlfication.

Ammonium resinate has never to my knowledge been used directly as a sizm agent for paper, although some slzmg pro ucts may have been made in which small quantities of ammonium resinate were. mp posed to be present, although it 1s doubtful if any advanta es would have been derived from the use 0 ammonium resinate in thls wa One of the reasons why ammomum resinate has not been used is the difliculty in Specification oi Letters Patent.

Application filed February 25, 1914. Serial No. 820,957.

Patented Apr. 24, 1917.

diluting it and keeping the ammonia combined with the resin without separation in other words, to prevent the liberation of 'ee resin and the evaporation of ammonia.

I'have devised a method for overcoming this difficulty, which method consists of blowing the size under pressure through special aperturesor other apparatus into a cold water solution, this process being fully described in my application, Ser. No. 820,373. Further, the advantages of ammonium resinate as a sizing material do not appear to have been known or appreciated, and no attempt to produce or use the material appears to have been made. I have found that the ammonium resinate can be made. readily in cold or warm water solutions, and that the.

product has a better color and improved quality in that the aqueous solution has much greater viscosity than other resinates,

such as those made by soda or potash. Ammonium resinate solution has the appearance of a colloid such as glue, and it sets in almost the same way.

I have also discovered that this product has many advantages over other soa s for sizing'paper. A sodium resinate be ore it can become efiective as a sizing agent must be precipitated into the paper stock by means of a solution of alum, and in orderthat this precipitation may be completed and. all the sodium resinate utilized, it is necessary to add a large excess of alum solution..-

Otherwise, certain portions of sodium resinate' might remain, which would injure the sizing e ect. By using ammonium resinate as a size, I am able to practically eliminate the use of sulfate of aluminum as a sizing material. This can be shown by an experiment such as dipping a piece. of unsized paper into a solution of ammonium resinate, and drying same by means of heat. It will be foundthat the ammonium-resinate has been entirely decomposed and that only resin remains, the paper being thoroughly resistant to water and heat. This shows that for the purpose of top sizing, sulfate of aluminum or alum is quite unnecessary in producing the sizing efi'ect. When this size 'is usedin the beating engine, it is possible ing the heating process. The amount of alum necessary would be only about onesinth of that which is used. in general, and

. vantages, as no discoloration is produced by means of the resin soap when suitable grades of resin are used. This product can also be combined with starch, glue or other various fillers for use as a top sizing for paper, and may have various other applications on account. ofits colloidal and viscous character.

As an engine size, the chief value of this product is in the fact that the ammonium resinate decomposes readily with the heat on the driers, and any of the-alkali carried forward into the paper through incomplete chemical reactions in the beating engine is entirely driven off from the heat of the paper machine, and the sizing efi'ect obtain- 1 able from the free resin is com leted. 25

It will be evident that 'shou 6. this resin soap contain an alkali such as potash or soda in any material quantity, this advantage would not be fully obtained, and the incorporation of sodium resinate into this produit would lessen its value in proportion .to the amount of sodium resinate used. One of the results of mixing this product with 80(1111111:

resinate as a size would be that the propor-i tion of alum would have to be increased proportionately. In a product substantially all sodium resinate, but containing a small amount of ammonium resinate, it would be necessary to add a considerable excess of.

alum in sizing,and all the ammonia would be converted to ammonium sulfate before the paper stock reached the machlne, and

there would be no ammonium resinate left to be affected by the heat from the drying cylinders. This product should therefore be chiefly resinate of ammonium for the purpose of waterproofing fibers and textiles.

the manufacture of waterproofing materials such as textiles, yarns, leather, wood products, etc., and acts in the same manner as a water soluble varnish. It may be used to coat various objects, the result being that on drying, the ammonia leaves the product and it is no longer water soluble, but is provided with a coating composed of resin or resin compounds with oils, fats or waxes. For this purpose, various fillers may also be incorporated.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. A product consisting of a cold size solution containing a non-decomposing resinate of ammonia, tree ammonium hydrate and water without the presence of free rosin.

2. A process for making a size solution containing resinate of ammonia, free ammonium hydrate and water from a cold thick size, consisting of, forcing the cool size by means of pressure applied thereto, into a cold aqueous solution.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, in the presence of two witnesses.

. JUDSON A. DE CEW.

Witnesses:

C. W. TAYLOR, G. M. MORELAND. 

